Latest Articles from Herpetozoa Latest 33 Articles from Herpetozoa https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 10:12:56 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from Herpetozoa https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/ Kleptoparasitism in Micrurus mipartitus (Squamata, Elapidae) competing for the same Caecilia sp. (Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae) in western Colombia https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/112716/ Herpetozoa 37: 77-84

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.37.e112716

Authors: Henrik Bringsøe, Niels Poul Dreyer

Abstract: Kleptoparasitism, or food theft, is seldom reported in wild populations of snakes. Here, we describe as case where two Red-tailed Coral Snakes, Micrurus mipartitus, were observed competing for the same caecilian prey, either Caecilia leucocephala or C. perdita. This took place at night in a rainforest habitat in Valle del Cauca Department, western Colombia. Upon our arrival, the battle had already started as the two coral snakes kept bite-holds on the caecilian. They continued biting the prey at different places on the anterior parts and tugging in opposite directions. The snakes also made rotations along the longitudinal axis as they maintained their bite-holds. Surprisingly, one snake also bit the body of the other snake once. After 17 minutes of observation, the losing coral snake released its bite-hold on the caecilian. The winner then moved away from the losing snake which did not follow. It is well-known that M. mipartitus and other coral snakes eat caecilians, but this is the first observation of kleptoparasitism in elapid snakes in the wild. It is considered likely that they rely on chemoreception when detecting caecilians, notably in this case as two coral snakes detected the same prey item. In general, kleptoparasitism may occur more frequently amongst snakes than indicated by the very few published cases considering that numerous cases from captivity are known.

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Short Communication Fri, 22 Mar 2024 10:27:37 +0200
Three brown frog species in Denmark have different abilities to colonise new ponds https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/107986/ Herpetozoa 37: 43-55

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.37.e107986

Authors: Kåre Fog

Abstract: For 29 consecutive years, the populations of three species of brown frogs, Rana arvalis, R. dalmatina and R. temporaria, were monitored in an open area in South Zealand, Denmark, with no direct influence of agriculture. Population sizes were recorded by counting egg clumps and showed large variations from year to year. The total population of R. arvalis differed by a factor of 100 between the years with the lowest and the highest numbers. A total of 19 initially unoccupied suitable waterbodies could potentially be colonised by the frogs. Rana dalmatina colonised all of the ponds, mostly in the very first year of existence. Rana arvalis colonised 17 ponds after an average of 10.5 years. Rana temporaria colonised eight ponds after an average of 13.4 years. Colonisation by R. dalmatina was independent of changes in total population size, whereas colonisation by R. arvalis predominantly occurred in years with considerable population increases. The results are discussed in relation to the movement patterns and philopatry of juvenile frogs of the three species. Juvenile R. dalmatina disperse far from the breeding site, but most individuals return to their natal site. This allows the species to be an efficient coloniser of new waterbodies and, at the same time, to have stable occurrence at the original site. The two other species show a more erratic type of dispersal and especially R. temporaria often shifts breeding site from year to year.

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Research Article Tue, 20 Feb 2024 10:28:40 +0200
Migration strategy of the Great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) in an artificial pond https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/112826/ Herpetozoa 36: 345-356

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e112826

Authors: Lukáš Weber, Jan Růžička, Ivan H. Tuf, Martin Rulík

Abstract: In animals, migration is an evolutionary adaptation to manage seasonally varying habitats. Often driven by climatic changes or resource availability, amphibians then migrate from their hibernation sites to their breeding grounds. This research focused on the migratory habits of the Great crested newt (Triturus cristatus). The study explored factors like gender, body size, and environmental determinants, noting that immigration and emigration events proved distinct during the year. Results unveiled that males typically reached ponds first, with temperature being pivotal: males preferred up to 5 °C, females around 10 °C, while juveniles moved as temperatures increase. Wind velocity affected larger newts, around 120 mm, prompting them to migrate with stronger winds. Notably, heavy rainfall favored migration of newts of roughly 60 mm size. Humidity displayed gender-based trends: males associated positively with average levels, females showed aversion above 50%, and juveniles leaned towards drier conditions. Emigration patterns mirrored these findings, emphasizing roles of temperature, wind, and humidity. The effect of moonlight is not statistically significant. These findings provide valuable insights into the environmental factors influencing the migration of T. cristatus, which may guide future conservation efforts.

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Research Article Thu, 28 Dec 2023 09:44:41 +0200
Notes on the pattern of head size in the Philippine Spotted Flying Lizard, Draco spilopterus (Weigmann, 1834), within Luzon Biogeographic Region, Philippines https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/90412/ Herpetozoa 36: 289-296

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e90412

Authors: Michael A. Tabug, Levy V. Necesito, Arvin C. Diesmos

Abstract: Sexual head dimorphism is a condition where head morphology of male and female of the same species differ, which provides an additional way to recognise sex for species identification. Fifty four adult Philippine Spotted Flying Lizards, Draco spilopterus, were examined from four populations in the Luzon Island, Philippines to assess whether head morphometry can drive sexual dimorphism. We identified the sex and measured five morphometric measurements of the head (jaw length, jaw width, head height, head length, head width) and snout-vent length. A univariate analysis of the five morphometric measurements showed clear sexual dimorphism. Considering all individuals, female heads are significantly larger than those of males (all p-values < 0.05). We also revealed major differences in head size amongst the four populations due to their geographical location and habitat differences.

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Research Article Fri, 20 Oct 2023 18:49:22 +0300
Daily activities of water monitors (Varanus salvator macromaculatus Deraniyagala, 1944) in urban wetland, Bangkok, Thailand https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/93492/ Herpetozoa 36: 189-201

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e93492

Authors: Poramad Trivalairat, Sompod Srikosamatara

Abstract: From July to October 2015, a study was conducted on the water monitors (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) at Dusit Zoo in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 90 monitors were captured, measured for SVL, sexed, and marked on the right axilla. The captured monitors included 70 females and 20 males, resulting in a sex ratio of 3.5:1. Body size did not differ significantly between genders. The monitors exhibited bimodal diurnal activity, with a focus on fish hunting in the morning (06:00–08:00 h) and scavenging for fish leftovers in the afternoon (15:00–17:00 h). After the monitor lizards hunted for prey in the morning, they spent 5–7 hours basking and floating in the lake during the afternoon. Sexual behaviors were also occasionally observed. The monitors displayed frequent predatory behavior towards natural prey, especially fish, in the morning, as opposed to opportunistically scavenging on tourist food and fish leftovers observed throughout the day.

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Research Article Fri, 11 Aug 2023 14:31:06 +0300
The secret life of a rock-dweller: arboreal acrobatics observed in the European leaf-toed gecko Euleptes europaea https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/103465/ Herpetozoa 36: 135-141

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e103465

Authors: Daniele Salvi, Emanuele Berrilli, Giacomo Bruni, Matteo Garzia, Veronica Gomes, Giacomo Radi, Michel-Jean Delaugerre

Abstract: The European leaf toed Gecko, Euleptes europaea, is a strictly nocturnal species endemic to the western Mediterranean and has long been considered a rock-specialist as it is associated with this habitat during its entire daily and life cycle. In this study, we report observations of arboreal behaviour in E. europaea, collected during field research over a 40-year period from across the entire species range. We provide a review of the available information on this topic that contributes to a refined view of the habitat uses and arboreal abilities of this species. Arboreal behaviour in E. europaea was observed throughout the year, across different macrohabitats, on a wide variety of tree, shrub, and bush species, on various parts of the plant (trunk, branches, fronds, twigs, leaves), and at different height from the ground. Remarkably, E. europaea shows an extraordinarily agile arboreal locomotion associated with striking morphological adaptations to an arboreal lifestyle, namely a prehensile tail bearing a terminal adhesive pad that supplements grasping force, an equilibrium asset, and scansor adhesion both in static condition and during escape. We conclude that E. europaea is a climbing gecko (opposed to ground dwelling), occupying both rocky and arboreal microhabitats. While the evolutionary origin and ecological drivers of the arboreal behaviour of E. europaea remains to be fully investigated, this realization has important implications for designing fieldwork research and management strategies for conservation.

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Short Communication Fri, 9 Jun 2023 16:46:39 +0300
First record of a male-male aggressive interaction in the golden Alpine salamander Salamandra atra aurorae (Caudata, Salamandridae) https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/99985/ Herpetozoa 36: 91-93

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e99985

Authors: Milos Di Gregorio, Raoul Manenti, Danilo Borgatti

Abstract: The golden Alpine salamander Salamandra atra aurorae Trevisan, 1982 is an endemic subspecies found in Sette Comuni and Vezzena plateau in Veneto, Italy. We describe an aggressive interaction between two males which fought for four minutes, trying to go on top of each other and rubbing their chin on the antagonist’s head. This is the first documented case of aggressive behaviour in Salamandra atra aurorae.

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Short Communication Thu, 20 Apr 2023 13:41:24 +0300
Microhabitat sharing for basking between squamate species in Poland https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/94064/ Herpetozoa 36: 65-71

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e94064

Authors: Przemysław Zdunek, Maksymilian Jarmoliński

Abstract: Aggregations (e.g. group basking) by snakes are usually limited to specific life cycle phases (e.g. mating) or are a consequence of drastic environmental changes (e.g. habitat destruction), high prey densities or highly limited resources within an environment (e.g. basking sites, wintering dens). Here, we report intra- and interspecific observations of four reptile species (primarily Natrix natrix and Vipera berus) sharing basking sites at the confluence of the rivers Dunajec and Poprad near the town of Stary Sącz in southern Poland. From a total of 84 records in the field between 2020–2022, there were 11 interactions from 24 July 2020 to 1 May 2022. Previous studies have indicated direct competition or interference in many species, which we did not observe. There is a noticeable lack of such observations of microhabitat sharing for basking between squamate species in scientific literature. Hence, the accumulation of such observations has the potential to reveal new insights into the behaviour and ecology of N. natrix and V. berus.

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Short Communication Mon, 27 Mar 2023 14:49:35 +0300
The advertisement calls of Pristimantis galdi Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 and Pristimantis katoptroides (Flores, 1988) (Anura, Strabomantidae) https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/97705/ Herpetozoa 36: 59-64

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e97705

Authors: Diego Batallas, Jorge Brito

Abstract: In this study we describe for the first time the calls of Pristimantis galdi and Pristimantis katoptroides. Recordings were obtained in Sangay National Park, Ecuador. We highlight the importance of recording P. galdi since its call has been recorded after 153 years of having been described as a species. The call of P. galdi consists of 7 to 9 short notes, the sounds of which are similar to a hammer hitting a nail, with a mean dominant frequency of 2.39 kHz. In turn, the call of P. katoptroides consists of a single note, the sound of which is similar to a metallic “tic”, with a mean dominant frequency of 1.74 kHz. We compared the advertisement calls of P. galdi, P. katoptroides and P. roni as these species share similar morphological characteristics and are grouped in the spiny green frog’s ecotype. Despite these morphological similarities, their advertisement calls are different. Obtaining calls of Pristimantis species in Ecuador might prove difficult with short-term studies due to the great sampling efforts that may be needed to get these recordings. Therefore, implementing active and passive monitoring could help improve our knowledge of acoustic signals in Ecuador’s rainfrogs.

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Short Communication Tue, 21 Mar 2023 18:59:22 +0200
Multimale breeding aggregations by “many-friends” snakes: courtship behaviours by Malagasy Pseudoxyrhophiine snakes, Dromicodryas bernieri and D. quadrilineatus, and their sexual size dimorphism https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/91579/ Herpetozoa 35: 225-229

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e91579

Authors: Ryobu Fukuyama, Akihiro Itoigawa, Akira Mori

Abstract: When several male snakes dispute over one female in the breeding season, two major male-male rivalries are known to occur: male-male combat and multimale breeding aggregation. The roles of male body size and the degree of sexual size dimorphism are different between these rivalries. We report field observations of mating behaviour including a multimale breeding aggregation of pseudoxyrhophiins, Dromicodryas bernieri and D. quadrilineatus, in northwestern Madagascar, which have a local name, “Maro longo”, meaning “many friends”. To examine the relationships between sexual size dimorphism and mating strategies of males, we also analysed the body size of the two species of Dromicodryas and two other pseudoxyrhophiins, Leioheterodon madagascariensis and L. modestus, which are known to exhibit the male-male combat. Our data obtained during a long-term field study showed that D. bernieri and D. quadrilineatus have female-biased sexual size dimorphism, whereas L. madagascariensis and L. modestus have male-biased sexual size dimorphism. This result conforms to the general tendency of the relationship between body size and male-male rivalry in snakes.

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Short Communication Thu, 17 Nov 2022 16:46:06 +0200
Trophic ecology of Gymnodactylus geckoides Spix, 1825 (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) from Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/87199/ Herpetozoa 35: 187-197

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e87199

Authors: Leonardo P. C. Oitaven, Sydnei S. Calado, Hilton N. da Costa, Glaucilane S. Cruz, Juan S. Monrós, Daniel O. Mesquita, Álvaro A. C. Teixeira, Valéria W. Teixeira, Geraldo J. B. de Moura

Abstract: The diet of lizards is mainly composed of arthropods. It can be affected by biotic and abiotic factors, which influence the energy supply provided by the composition of the animal´s diet. The richness and abundance of many arthropod species can be influenced by environmental seasonality, especially in the Caatinga ecoregion, due to the rainfall regimes. The present study aims to describe aspects of the seasonal and morphological variation in the lizard Gymnodactylus geckoides diet and their energy content. We collected 157 individuals (63 females, 68 males, and 26 juveniles) at the Catimbau National Park, Northeastern Brazil, of which 72 were analyzed for the dry season and 59 for the rainy season. Our data indicates Isoptera to be the most common prey in G. geckoides’s diet. Energy content, prey number was higher in the dry season, whereas prey volume and glycogen content increased in the rainy season. Proteins and lipids did not show marked differences. The present study represents the first effort to understand variations in G. geckoide’s trophic ecology, indicating that this specie presents a wide variation in their diet, especially when considering seasonal factors, revealing their needs and restrictions according to prey availability and environmental conditions.

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Research Article Tue, 11 Oct 2022 14:09:37 +0300
Description of the antipredatory head-wobble behaviour in Chilean rear-fanged snakes Tachymenis peruviana Wiegmann, 1835 and Tachymenis chilensis coronellina Werner, 1898 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/84842/ Herpetozoa 35: 155-158

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e84842

Authors: Claudio Reyes-Olivares, Alex Vera-Quispe, Alejandro Zúñiga, Félix A. Urra

Abstract: In this work, we describe the first records of head-wobble behaviour for Tachymenis peruviana and T. chilensis coronellina. We analyse this behaviour (occurrence, frequency) and accompanying displays in both species. Of particular note is that T. ch. coronellina exhibited more frequent head-wobbling than T. peruviana and, in both records, wind activity was observed during this antipredatory behaviour.

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Short Communication Mon, 25 Jul 2022 10:38:47 +0300
Biofluorescence in the herpetofauna of northeast Bangladesh https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/76225/ Herpetozoa 35: 39-44

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e76225

Authors: Marjan Maria, Hassan Al-Razi, Amaël Borzée, Sabir Bin Muzaffar

Abstract: Fluorescence is a poorly documented phenomenon in vertebrates and has been suggested to play several biological roles. With increased study, the number of species in which biofluorescence has been identified is increasing steadily. We conducted a UV light survey for biofluorescence in the herpetofauna in Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh and found biofluorescence in one amphibian (Microhyla berdmorei) and three reptile species (Boiga cyanea, Cyrtodactylus tripuraensis and Hemidactylus platyurus).

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Short Communication Fri, 18 Feb 2022 10:13:45 +0200
Choice of tree holes as oviposition sites by Kurixalus eiffingeri on Iriomote Island https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/67271/ Herpetozoa 34: 201-205

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e67271

Authors: Taku Christopher Sato, Noriko Iwai

Abstract: Oviposition site choice affects survival and growth of offspring, particularly in frogs in which the offspring cannot move from the oviposition site. We intended to find the features of tree holes used for oviposition by Kurixalus eiffingeri on Iriomote Island. We measured eight tree hole variables to determine which should be included in the best model to explain breeding use by K. eiffingeri. Out of 32 tree holes examined, we found five that were used for oviposition. The best model included the height above the ground and angle of opening. Higher located tree holes and a larger opening angle were associated with more frequent oviposition by K. eiffingeri. This trend may be due to the higher predation risk in lower tree holes with a steeper opening. The importance of the height of the breeding site above ground was also noted in a previous study on bamboo stumps in Taiwan, but the opening angle was only salient in this study. Our study suggested that the same species in different ecosystems may use different criteria when choosing oviposition sites.

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Research Article Wed, 20 Oct 2021 09:26:42 +0300
Anti-predator behaviour of Rhinella major (Müller and Hellmich 1936), with insights into the Rhinella granulosa group https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/66909/ Herpetozoa 34: 195-200

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e66909

Authors: Fillipe Pedroso-Santos, Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos

Abstract: In anurans, the different types of anti-predator behaviour have been documented in isolation, but some species have shown synergistic strategies in different situations. The display of these types of behaviour may be related to the types of predators in the habitat, which boost defensive responses in their prey. However, most reports are mostly opportunistic and punctual observations, not systematic. Here, we report the occurrence of anti-predator behaviour in the toad Rhinella major (Müller and Hellmich 1936) (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) in the face of different handling modes. Probably the disturbance caused by handling had elicited a predator deterrence response in the individual, causing it to rapidly exhibit such behaviour. These conditions are discussed along with an overview of anti-predator behaviour in species of the R. granulosa group and we re-interpreted these strategies for two species in the group.

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Short Communication Thu, 23 Sep 2021 10:52:44 +0300
Effects of body temperature on initial bite force in three species of rock- and crevice-dwelling lizards from Mexico https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/64040/ Herpetozoa 34: 163-168

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e64040

Authors: Guillermo A. Woolrich-Piña, Geoffrey R. Smith, Norberto Martínez-Méndez, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Héctor Gadsden-Esparza

Abstract: Bite force can be an important aspect of a lizard’s organismal performance, and is likely to be subject to influence by ambient conditions including an individual’s thermal environment. We examined the effects of body temperature (Tb) on initial bite force of rock- and crevice-dwelling individuals of three species of lizards: Abronia graminea (Anguidae), Barisia imbricata (Anguidae), and Xenosaurus fractus (Xenosauridae) from Mexico. In B. imbricata and X. fractus from one site (Xochititan, Puebla) initial bite force was greatest at intermediate Tb. In contrast, X. fractus from a second site (Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla) showed a weak tendency for initial bite force to increase with Tb. Initial bite force in A. graminea was not affected by Tb. Taking our results together, we infer that initial bite force in rock- or crevice-dwelling lizards is often, but not always, related to Tb.

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Short Communication Thu, 19 Aug 2021 17:53:04 +0300
Lurking in the depth: Pond depth predicts microhabitat selection by Rhinella icterica (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles at two different sampling scales https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/56326/ Herpetozoa 34: 149-158

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e56326

Authors: Gabriel Preuss, Anna Victoria Silverio Righetto Mauad, Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura, Thara Santiago de Assis, Marina Corrêa Scalon, Fabricius Maia Chaves Bicalho Domingos

Abstract: Habitat selection has long been a central theme in ecology and has historically considered both physiological responses and ecological factors affecting species establishment. Investigating habitat selection patterns at different scales can provide important information on the relative roles of the environmental factors influencing the organisms’ abilities to use their surrounding habitat. This work aimed at investigating which environmental factors determine habitat selection by Rhinella icterica tadpoles, and also took the opportunity to investigate how the scale in which tadpoles and environmental data are sampled might influence the habitat selection results. A total of 2.240 tadpoles were counted in the whole sampling area, and while substrate cover and depth were the variables that better explained the abundance of tadpoles at the larger scale (plot level), depth and water turbidity better explained tadpoles’ abundance at the smaller scale (subplot level). The results suggest that avoiding predation by matching the background color is a likely process explaining tadpoles’ occupancy at both scales. Depth is known to influence tadpole habitat use in the tropics, and although its combination with turbidity and substrate cover varied between scales, our study suggests that sampling at different scales might not affect the inferred ecological processes driving habitat selection. This information might also be useful to predict tadpoles’ responses to micro-environmental perturbations and help in guiding the choice of parameters that should be taken into account when analyzing the effects of habitat degradation in Atlantic Forest amphibian populations.

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Research Article Wed, 4 Aug 2021 16:26:11 +0300
Females of the four-eyed frog, Pleurodema thaul (Anura, Leptodactylidae), respond behaviourally to conspecific male scent https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/62007/ Herpetozoa 34: 115-120

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e62007

Authors: Valentina Rojas, Antonieta Labra, José Luis Valdés, Nelson A. Velásquez

Abstract: Among amphibians, conspecific chemical communication has been widely studied in Caudata. Adult anurans, by contrast, have received less attention. Recently, it was shown that chemical scents are also relevant for adult anuran intraspecific communication. In this context, we evaluate whether females of the four-eyed frog (Pleurodema thaul) respond to conspecific male scents. We carried out a double choice experiment in a Y-maze. Females were repeatedly presented with the scents of several males versus distilled water. To extract the scent from males, we acoustically stimulated males and then used the water from their aquaria for the experiments. Our data suggest that females are capable of responding behaviourally to male scents, since they spent longer periods in the zones with male scent, rather than in zones with water. We propose that under natural breeding conditions, females of P. thaul may use either their chemical sense or chemical cues to facilitate their encounters with males.

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Research Article Thu, 27 May 2021 12:01:24 +0300
New herpetofaunal records from Gunung Mulu National Park and its surrounding areas in Borneo https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/63998/ Herpetozoa 34: 89-96

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e63998

Authors: Ryobu Fukuyama, Ibuki Fukuyama, Takaki Kurita, Yosuke Kojima, Mohamad Yazid Hossman, Akihiro Noda, Kanto Nishikawa

Abstract: Gunung Mulu National Park (GMNP) in northwestern Borneo is marked by high species diversity and diverse environments. We present one new amphibian and ten new reptile records from GMNP and its surrounding area. In the records, Asthenodipsas jamilinaisi and Garthius chaseni were newly recorded in the Sarawak State. We also present the first record of Cyrtodactylus muluensis from outside of GMNP and the second record of Opisthotropis typica from the park. Combined with previous information, a total of 108 amphibians and 104 reptiles are known from GMNP, and their preferred habitat types are diverse. Furthermore, observed male-male combat of Dopasia buettikoferi is the first detailed description of the genus. Two color morphs of D. buettikoferi had an identical ND2 haplotype and appeared to be the same species. The present study provides new information about Bornean amphibians and reptiles, and also emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring.

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Research Article Fri, 9 Apr 2021 13:39:42 +0300
Fine-scale analysis of habitat occupancy by Kura lizard (Darevskia portschinskii) and its daughter parthenogenetic form (Darevskia dahli) https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/63072/ Herpetozoa 34: 71-81

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e63072

Authors: Natia Barateli, David Tarkhnishvili, Giorgi Iankoshvili, Luka Kokiashvili, Nikoloz Dvali, Zurab Janiashvili

Abstract: Two species of rock lizards, the parthenogenetic D. dahli and the sexually reproducing D. portschinskii, coexist in a rocky outcrop in an area of ca. 1 ha, in the vicinity of Tbilisi, Georgia; the location has been well-known since the middle 1960s. The population density of the parthenogenetic lizard is five times higher than that of the sexual breeder. We studied the distribution of active lizards in space and time over three consecutive years, during the spring and autumn activity periods, to explore spatial and temporal differences between the species on a fine spatial scale. We studied the influence of temperature, humidity, and quantitative characteristics of the surface and the distance from permanent water source on the spatial distribution of D. dahli and D. portschinskii. Darevskia portschinskii was less dependent on the distance from the water source and more evenly distributed in space and time than D. dahli. Despite potential competitive interactions, the species did not avoid each other on the microhabitat scale, suggesting that the observed ecological differences are not caused by a niche shift. More individuals of the sexual breeder than individuals of the parthenogen were found in suboptimal habitats. This feature may increase the evolutionary success of D. portschinskii in a long-term perspective.

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Research Article Tue, 9 Mar 2021 16:13:58 +0200
Yet another kukri snake piercing an anuran abdomen: Oligodon ocellatus (Morice, 1875) eats Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) in Vietnam https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/62689/ Herpetozoa 34: 57-59

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e62689

Authors: Henrik Bringsøe, James Holden

Abstract: A case of Oligodon ocellatus eating a toxic adult toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, in Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam, is provided. We found a kukri snake having buried its head deeply into the abdomen of the toad and probably being in the process of eating organs. Subsequently, the toad was swallowed whole and the kukri snake moved away and disappeared with the toad’s hind feet still visible from its mouth. It is hypothesised that the behaviour of eviscerating or piercing anurans to eat their organs has been developed in the O. cyclurus species group or clade. This has now been observed in three species.

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Short Communication Mon, 15 Feb 2021 14:13:56 +0200
Gruesome twosome kukri rippers: Oligodon formosanus (Günther, 1872) and O. fasciolatus (Günther, 1864) eat Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831 either by eviscerating or swallowing whole https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/62688/ Herpetozoa 34: 49-55

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e62688

Authors: Henrik Bringsøe, Maneerat Suthanthangjai, Winai Suthanthangjai, Jo Lodder, Navapol Komanasin

Abstract: Predation on adult microhylid frogs Kaloula pulchra by two closely-related colubrid snakes is described, based on two observations of Oligodon formosanus in Hong Kong and one observation of O. fasciolatus in Thailand. In two instances, O. formosanus was observed cutting open the abdomen of this anuran species. In one case, it performed repeated rotations about its own longitudinal body axis (“death roll”) while its head was inserted into the frog’s abdomen. The purpose of this behaviour was probably to tear off organs and swallow them. Once O. fasciolatus was observed catching and swallowing K. pulchra whole. In that case, the snake also made a series of rotations while it maintained its firm grip in the frog’s belly. It is concluded that, for these two closely-related kukri snakes, prey size is crucial for determining whether the gape width allows large preys to be swallowed entire.

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Research Article Mon, 15 Feb 2021 11:18:47 +0200
Eviscerated alive: Novel and macabre feeding strategy in Oligodon fasciolatus (Günther, 1864) eating organs of Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) in Thailand https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/57096/ Herpetozoa 33: 157-163

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e57096

Authors: Henrik Bringsøe, Maneerat Suthanthangjai, Winai Suthanthangjai, Kanjana Nimnuam

Abstract: A hitherto unknown feeding mode among snakes is described for the colubrid snake Oligodon fasciolatus in Northeast Thailand. Three cases of O. fasciolatus using enlarged posterior maxillary teeth to cut open the abdomen of a live poisonous toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus and eat its organs are described. The snakes and toads fought vigorously, and the toads secreted toxic white liquid on the dorsum and neck. The snakes inserted their heads into the abdomen of the toads, pulled out some of the organs and swallowed them. The snakes and toads were adults. All three cases were documented by extensive photographic material. In a fourth case from Central Thailand, an adult O. fasciolatus was observed swallowing an entire semi-adult D. melanostictus. The majority of all snake species swallow their prey in one piece, but to place our observations in a broader context we review a number of exceptions.

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Research Article Fri, 11 Sep 2020 15:33:44 +0300
Orientation and navigation in Bufo bufo: a quest for repeatability of arena experiments https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/52854/ Herpetozoa 33: 139-147

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e52854

Authors: Markus Pail, Lukas Landler, Günter Gollmann

Abstract: Research on navigation in animals is hampered by conflicting results and failed replications. In order to assess the generality of previous results, male Bufo bufo were collected during their breeding migration and translocated to two testing sites, 2.4 and 2.9 km away, respectively, from their breeding pond in the north of Vienna (Austria). There each toad was tested twice for orientation responses in a circular arena, on the night of collection and four days later. On the first test day, the toads showed significant axial orientation along their individual former migration direction. On the second test day, no significant homeward orientation was detected. Both results accord with findings of previous experiments with toads from another population. We analysed the potential influence of environmental factors (temperature, cloud cover and lunar cycle) on toad orientations using a MANOVA approach. Although cloud cover and lunar cycle had small effects on the second test day, they could not explain the absence of homeward orientation. The absence of homing responses in these tests may be either caused by the absence of navigational capabilities of toads beyond their home ranges, or by inadequacies of the applied method. To resolve this question, tracking of freely moving toads should have greater potential than the use of arena experiments.

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Research Article Fri, 14 Aug 2020 08:21:33 +0300
First record of cannibalism in Thamnodynastes phoenix Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher, 2017 (Serpentes, Colubridae) https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/47317/ Herpetozoa 33: 17-19

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e47317

Authors: Mayara da Silva Ribeiro de Morais, Paula Fernanda de Araújo, Renato Magnum Tavares Costa, Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues França

Abstract: Cannibalism has been documented across many groups of snakes and the same is true for Brazilian snakes. Herein, we present the first observation of cannibalism in Thamnodynastes phoenix between two adult males from Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil. We suggest this behavior could be influenced by a lack of resources caused by extreme abiotic conditions, as well as the opportunistic habits of this species.

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Short Communication Tue, 7 Apr 2020 13:18:27 +0300
Basking activity pattern of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Babat valley (Gödöllő, Hungary) https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/39059/ Herpetozoa 32: 221-227

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e39059

Authors: Gergő Erdélyi, Borbála Szabó, István Kiss

Abstract: The populations of the widespread European pond turtle and their numbers are decreasing in Hungary and other European countries. Knowledge of basking habits, along with other biological characteristics of the species, could be important to preserve the European pond turtle. The purpose of our research was to assess the seasonal and daily basking activity of the European pond turtle, and the effects of weather parameters on sun-basking, for which no prior data exist for Hungary. Our study was carried out in the area of a dammed valley pond system at Gödöllő (Hungary) over two years. The results showed that the seasonal peak of the turtles’ basking (the highest number of observed sun-basking turtles) was in the spring. When using a finer time scale (1.5-hour intervals), we found that daily activity peaks were earlier in the spring and summer (11:00–12:30 h) than in autumn (12:30–14:00 h). Based on three measured temperatures (air temperature in shade and sunlight, water temperature), the number of basking turtles positively correlated with temperatures and varied seasonally; the optimal temperature ranges also shifted during the year. In the spring and autumn, turtles started sun-basking at lower temperatures than in the summer. We observed the narrowest optimal temperature ranges in the summer as well. Based on a Principal Component Analysis of weather parameters, low humidity and high air temperature created optimal basking conditions, whereas high humidity, and low air and water temperatures had an adverse effect.

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Research Article Tue, 1 Oct 2019 14:24:54 +0300
Injuries reflecting intra- and interspecific interactions in the Snake-eyed Skink Ablepharus kitaibelii (Bibron & Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1833) (Squamata, Scincidae) from Bulgaria https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/37735/ Herpetozoa 32: 171-175

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e37735

Authors: Vladislav Vergilov, Yurii V. Kornilev

Abstract: The Snake-eyed Skink’s intra- and inter-specific interactions and their impacts on the individual (e.g. injuries) have received little attention so far. As part of copulation, male lizards bite the females; observations confirm an old report that bites occur in the fore side of the body, along with more recently published information about the back side. Additionally, out of 435 individuals observed in situ, 10 had missing extremities (toes, ankles, etc.); however, further studies should identify the causes of such injury, e.g. male-male combat, predators. For the first time, an adult male was observed biting a juvenile ex situ; the specific reasons, however, remain unknown. This report should generate further interest in ecological and behavioral studies, assessing the costs and benefits to potential territorial defense, intra-specific combat, and predator pressure and escape mechanisms.

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Short Communication Fri, 23 Aug 2019 15:34:58 +0300
Age structure and body size of the endangered species Darevskia bendimahiensis (Schmidtler, Eiselt & Darevsky, 1994) from eastern Turkey (Squamata, Sauria, Lacertidae) https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/37094/ Herpetozoa 32: 159-163

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e37094

Authors: Elif Yıldırım, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Kamil Candan, Çetin Ilgaz

Abstract: The life-history traits of the parthenogenetic lizard Darevskia bendimahiensis were studied by skeletochronology in a population inhabiting highlands in Çaldıran, Van, Turkey. Endosteal resorption was observed in 18 specimens (55%). The mean age was 4.91 ± 0.19 SD years. The mean snout-vent length (SVL) was 51.11 ± 1.15 SD mm. The age at sexual maturity was estimated as 3 years. Longevity was 7 years. Snout-vent length and age were positively correlated (Spearman’s correlation; r = 0.797, P = 0.000). The aim of this study is to contribute to the future conservation activities for this endangered species.

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Research Article Wed, 24 Jul 2019 10:15:27 +0300
Snakes use microhabitats created by the great capricorn beetle Cerambyx cerdo in southwest Poland https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/35824/ Herpetozoa 32: 133-135

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e35824

Authors: Iwona Gottfried, Bartosz Borczyk, Tomasz Gottfried

Abstract: Niche engineering is considered one of the most important interspecific interactions that shape ecosystems, but this kind of interaction network has not been sufficiently studied so far. Here we present the first observation of grass snake Natrix natrix in the galleries of Cerambyx cerdo. We recorded three grass snake individuals basking and hiding inside the C. cerdo galleries. We suggest the presence of this beetle species may create new environmental niches and improve habitat quality for snakes and other vertebrates.

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Short Communication Wed, 12 Jun 2019 11:32:03 +0300
Hindlimb abnormality reduces locomotor performance in Pelobates cultripes metamorphs but is not predicted by larval morphometrics https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/35654/ Herpetozoa 32: 125-131

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e35654

Authors: Francisco Javier Zamora-Camacho, Pedro Aragón

Abstract: Locomotor performance is a fundamental feature commonly related to many animals’ fitness. In most cases, locomotor performance is closely related to morphology of the structures responsible for it, which is therefore under strong selective pressure. Hence, limb abnormality could hinder locomotion and, for that reason, be eradicated by selection, which could explain its overall low prevalence that makes proper research difficult. Here, we took advantage of the moderately high prevalence of hindlimb abnormality in a sample of Iberian spadefoot (Pelobates cultripes) metamorphs developed from tadpoles captured and transferred to the laboratory before selection could act against metamorph abnormality. We tested the hypothesis that limb abnormality impairs locomotor performance. Moreover, we measured several larval and metamorph morphometrics, and checked for differences between normal and abnormal-limbed individuals. We also assessed correlations between hindlimb ratio (hindlimb length/SVL) and jumping performance in normal and abnormal-limbed metamorphs. Larval traits measured could not predict hindlimb abnormality. In metamorphs, only hindlimb ratio differed between normal and abnormal-limbed individuals, being shorter in the latter. Abnormal-limbed metamorphs jumped considerably shorter distances than normal-limbed conspecifics. Therefore, selection against reduced locomotor performance could eliminate limb abnormality from populations. Hindlimb ratio was included in the model as a covariable, and thus controlled for. Consequently, other factors besides shorter hindlimbs, probably hindlimb abnormality itself, could play a role in worse jumping capability of abnormal-limbed individuals. Hindlimb ratio was positively related to jumping distance in both groups, although the relationship was weaker in abnormal-limbed metamorphs.

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Research Article Fri, 31 May 2019 10:32:55 +0300
Observation on rapid physiological color change in Giant tree frog Rhacophorus smaragdinus (Blyth, 1852) from Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh, India https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/36023/ Herpetozoa 32: 95-99

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e36023

Authors: Deepak CK, Arajush Payra, Basudev Tripathy, Kailash Chandra

Abstract: Many poikilotherms have the ability to change body color for homeostatic regulation, conspecific communication or predator deterrence. Physiological color change is a rapid, reversible mode of color change regulated by neuromuscular or neuroendocrine system and has been observed in several anuran species. Here we report the occurrence of physiological color change in the tree frog Rhacophorus smaragdinus (Blyth, 1852) (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae) for the first time from Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Probable proximate causes of the behavior are discussed along with an overview of physiological color change in species of the family Rhacophoridae and nature of color change observed.

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Short Communication Tue, 21 May 2019 09:56:55 +0300
A case of communal egg-laying of Gonatodes albogularis (Sauria, Sphaerodactylidae) in bromeliads (Poales, Bromeliaceae) https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/35663/ Herpetozoa 32: 45-49

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e35663

Authors: Valentina de los Ángeles Carvajal-Ocampo, María Camila Ángel-Vallejo, Paul David Alfonso Gutiérrez-Cárdenas, Fabiola Ospina-Bautista, Jaime Vicente Estévez Varón

Abstract: The Neotropical Yellow-Headed Gecko Gonatodes albogularis commonly use cavities in the trees as a microhabitat for egg-laying. Here, we present the first record of this species in Colombia using the tank bromeliad Tillandsia elongata as nesting sites, along with the occurrence of communal egg-laying in that microhabitat.

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Short Communication Mon, 13 May 2019 14:50:30 +0300
Broad seasonal changes in thermoregulation of Podarcis lilfordi (Squamata, Lacertidae) at Binicodrell islet (Menorca, Spain) https://herpetozoa.pensoft.net/article/35662/ Herpetozoa 32: 57-63

DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e35662

Authors: Zaida Ortega, Abraham Mencía, Aline Giroux, Valentín Pérez-Mellado

Abstract: Most lizards maintain quite constant body temperatures by behavioural means. Seasonal variations of environmental factors, such as temperature, sunlight exposure and wind intensity, influence lizard thermoregulatory abilities. Understanding how seasonal environmental shifts influence lizards’ thermoregulation helps us to know how they deal behaviourally with environmental changes, in general. We examined seasonal shifts (spring vs. summer) in behavioural thermoregulation in Podarcis lilfordi from Binicodrell islet (Menorca, Spain). Operative temperatures varied between microhabitats and seasons, being lower in spring than in summer, regardless of sunlight exposure. Lizard body temperatures were also lower in spring than in summer. Lizards used sunny microhabitats more frequently in spring and shaded areas in summer. Habitat thermal quality was similar during both seasons, but lizards thermoregulated less accurately in spring than in summer. Thermoregulatory effectiveness was low in spring (0.28) and moderate in summer (0.76). In comparison with previously published results, our findings showed the marked seasonal variation in the effectiveness of thermoregulation amongst island populations, which should be considered in future comparative studies.

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Research Article Mon, 13 May 2019 10:17:46 +0300