Research Article |
Corresponding author: Dingqi Rao ( raodq@mail.kiz.ac.cn ) Corresponding author: Song Li ( lis@mail.kiz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Peter Mikulíček
© 2024 Shuo Liu, Mingzhong Mo, Jimin Guo, Yi Lu, Wen Wang, Wenxiang Zhang, Dingqi Rao, Song Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Liu S, Mo M, Guo J, Lu Y, Wang W, Zhang W, Rao D, Li S (2024) First record of Amolops truongi Pham, Pham, Ngo, Sung, Ziegler & Le, 2023 (Anura, Ranidae) from China. Herpetozoa 37: 149-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.37.e121610
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We report the first record of Amolops truongi Pham, Pham, Ngo, Sung, Ziegler & Le, 2023 from China, based on four specimens collected in Yunnan Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve. This species was previously known only from the type locality in north-western Vietnam. Morphologically, the specimens from China correspond to the original description of A. truongi with a few variations and, phylogenetically, they are clustered with the type specimens of A. truongi from Vietnam with strong support. In this study, we also provide an updated diagnosis of this species combining the original description and new data.
distribution, morphology, ND2, updated diagnosis, Yunnan Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve
Amolops
Cope, 1865 is a genus with a rapid increase in the number of species recently, making it the most speciose genus within the family Ranidae and having a wide distribution range from southern and eastern Himalayas to the Peninsular Malaysia (
Amolops truongi
Pham, Pham, Ngo, Sung, Ziegler & Le, 2023 is a species which was originally discovered in Muong La District, Son La Province, north-western Vietnam (
During our herpetological expedition in Yunnan Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China, in 2023, we collected some specimens of Amolops. Morphological and molecular data show that four of them should be assigned to A. truongi. Herein, we report the distribution of this species in China for the first time, describe the specimens collected from China and provide an updated diagnosis of this species.
The fieldwork was carried out under the permission of Yunnan Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve Management and Protection Bureau. Specimens were collected by hand at night. Liver tissues were stored in analytical pure ethanol and specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol. The newly-collected specimens were deposited at Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KIZ).
Measurements were taken with a digital caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. The methodology of measurements followed
A fragment of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (ND2) was amplified via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primers Met-LND2: 5′–CAATGTTGGTTAAAATCCTTCC–3′ and Trp–HND2: 5′–AGGCTTTGAAGGCCTTTGGTC–3′ (
Species | Voucher | Locality | Accession |
---|---|---|---|
Amolops adicola | BNHS 6121 | Arunachal Pradesh, India | MZ231116 |
Amolops akhaorum | FMNH 271355 | Luang Namtha, Laos | FJ417207 |
Amolops akhaorum | FMNH 271406 | Luang Namtha, Laos | FJ417208 |
Amolops aniqiaoensis | SYNU04ll6016 | Tibet, China | MN958715 |
Amolops aniqiaoensis | KIZ011136 | Tibet, China | MN958717 |
Amolops archotaphus | CUMZ A 2000.62 | Chiang Mai, Thailand | FJ417173 |
Amolops archotaphus | KIZ030888 | Chiang Mai, Thailand | MN958719 |
Amolops cf. bellulus | KIZYPX9037 | Yunnan, China | MN958723 |
Amolops cucae | AMNH 168727 | Lao Cai, Vietnam | FJ417193 |
Amolops cucae | AMNH 168729 | Lao Cai, Vietnam | FJ417194 |
Amolops compotrix | FMNH 256499 | Khammouane, Laos | FJ417185 |
Amolops compotrix | FMNH 256500 | Khammouane, Laos | FJ417190 |
Amolops chunganensis | KIZ03756 | Hubei, China | MN958729 |
Amolops daorum | ROM 38501 | Lao Cai, Vietnam | FJ417199 |
Amolops deng | KIZ014115 | Tibet, China | MW111443 |
Amolops iriodes | AMNH 163926 | Ha Giang, Vietnam | FJ417201 |
Amolops iriodes | AMNH 163928 | Ha Giang, Vietnam | FJ417202 |
Amolops kohimaensis | WIIADA 751 | Nagaland, India | MZ231118 |
Amolops mengdingensis | KIZ20160265 | Yunnan, China | MK501814 |
Amolops mengdingensis | KIZ20160266 | Yunnan, China | MK501815 |
Amolops monticola | WIIADA 544 | Sikkim, India | MZ231117 |
Amolops nyingchiensis | KIZ012629 | Tibet, China | MN958773 |
Amolops nyingchiensis | KIZ016416 | Tibet, China | MW133377 |
Amolops putaoensis | GXNU W011 | Kachin, Myanmar | MT901213 |
Amolops putaoensis | GXNU W005 | Kachin, Myanmar | MT901214 |
Amolops truongi | IEBR 4995 | Son La, Vietnam | OP157199 |
Amolops truongi | ZVNU.2022.01 | Son La, Vietnam | OP157200 |
Amolops truongi | KIZ2023080 | Yunnan, China | PP663261 |
Amolops truongi | KIZ2023081 | Yunnan, China | PP663262 |
Amolops truongi | KIZ2023082 | Yunnan, China | PP663263 |
Amolops truongi | KIZ2023083 | Yunnan, China | PP663264 |
Amolops tuanjieensis | GXNU YU110003 | Yunnan, China | MN832756 |
Amolops tuanjieensis | GXNU YU110006 | Yunnan, China | MN832757 |
Amolops tuberodepressus | SCUM050433CHX | Yunnan, China | MN958786 |
Amolops viridimaculatus | KIZ048488 | Yunnan, China | MN958789 |
Amolops vitreus | FMNH 258183 | Phongsaly, Laos | FJ417212 |
Amolops vitreus | FMNH 258187 | Phongsaly, Laos | FJ417213 |
Amolops wenshanensis | KU 292045 | Guangxi, China | FJ417178 |
Amolops wenshanensis | KIZ021425 | Yunnan, China | MG996763 |
The sequences were aligned using ClustalW (
The morphological measurements of the specimens from China are presented in Table
KIZ2023080–KIZ2023083, four adult males, all collected on 22 July 2023 by Shuo Liu from Qimaba Township, Luchun County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China (22°56'29"N, 102°6'52"E, elevation 1430 m a.s.l.).
Male body size relatively small, SVL 39.3–39.9 mm in adult males; head moderate long (HL/SVL 0.36–0.38), longer than wide (HL/HW 1.09–1.15); snout relatively long (SE/SVL 0.16), projecting beyond lower jaw; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region concave; distance from nostril to snout tip equal to or slightly greater than distance from eye to nostril (SND/END 1.00–1.03); internarial distance greater than interorbital distance (IND/IOD 1.22–1.39); upper eyelid width narrower than interorbital distance (UEW/IOD 0.78–0.94); pupil oval, horizontal; tympanum distinct (TD/ED 0.35–0.40); tympanum-eye distance smaller than tympanum diameter (TED/TD 0.77–0.90); vomerine teeth present; choanae rounded; tongue cordiform, notched posteriorly; vocal sac opening on floor of mouth at corner, sac-like gular pouch, front margin positioned near to level of centre of orbit.
Fore-limb moderate long (FLL/SVL 0.66–0.68); relative length of fingers III > IV > II > I; tips of outer three fingers expanded into discs with circum-marginal grooves; webbing between fingers absent; subarticular tubercles present, oval, formula 1, 1, 2, 2; supernumerary tubercles absent; inner metacarpal (thenar) tubercle large, oval; outer metacarpal tubercle indistinct; glandular nuptial pad on finger I.
Hind-limb relatively long (HLL/SVL 1.78–1.84); tibia longer than thigh length (TL/FL 1.08–1.12); relative length of toes IV > V > III > II > I; all toe tips expanded into discs; webbing between toes deeply incurved, webbing formula I0–1/2II0–1III0–1IV1–0V; subarticular tubercles distinct, oval, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle elongated; outer metatarsal tubercle absent.
Dorsal and lateral surface of head and body smooth with few very small tubercles present on temporal sides of head, above tibiae and vent; supratympanic fold indistinct; dorsolateral fold distinct; ventral surface smooth with flat tubercles on basal ventral thigh.
Dorsal sides of head and body green or olive brown with some black dots; lateral side of head and tympanum dark brown or black; a white stripe extending from tip of snout to shoulder on each side; iris pale gold; flanks light brown or brown; dorsal surface of fore-limbs and hind-limbs light brown or brown with dark bands; throat, chest and belly cream with some brown dots; vocal sac orange or light yellow; ventral surface of fore-limbs light red or flesh-coloured; ventral surface of hind-limbs red flesh-coloured or flesh-coloured with some dark brown dots; toe webbing dark brown.
SVL 37.5–41.3 mm in adult males, 61.5–62.5 mm in adult females; head moderate long (HL/SVL 0.35–0.38 in males, 0.35–0.36 in females), longer than wide; snout relatively long (SE/SVL 0.16 in males, 0.15 in females); vomerine teeth present; tympanum distinct, round (TD/ED 0.35–0.40 in males, 0.36–0.37 in females); skin smooth; supratympanic fold indistinct; dorsolateral fold present; fore-limb moderate long (FLL/SVL 0.65–0.72 in males, 0.64–0.66 in females); hind-limb relatively long (HLL/SVL 1.78–1.92 in males, 1.77–1.79 in females); webbing formula I0–1/2II0–1III0–1IV1–0V; external vocal sac present and finger I with nuptial pad in adult males.
Amolops truongi
is currently known from the type locality in Son La Province, north-western Vietnam and Lvchun County, Honghe Prefecture, southern Yunnan Province, China (Fig.
We suggest 山罗湍蛙 (Pinyin: shān luó tuān wā) as the Chinese name, deriving from the type locality Son La Province, Vietnam.
Measurements (in mm) and proportions of the specimens of Amolops truongi from China (for abbreviations, see Material and methods).
KIZ2023080 Male | KIZ2023081 Male | KIZ2023082 Male | KIZ2023083 Male | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SVL | 39.4 | 39.7 | 39.3 | 39.9 |
HL | 15.0 | 14.3 | 14.8 | 14.4 |
HW | 13.3 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 12.5 |
SE | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.3 |
SND | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
END | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
IND | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
UEW | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.0 |
IOD | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
ED | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.3 |
TD | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
TED | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
FLL | 26.1 | 27.0 | 26.2 | 26.5 |
FTD | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
HLL | 70.8 | 72.9 | 70.0 | 71.6 |
FL | 21.5 | 22.9 | 21.4 | 21.4 |
TL | 23.6 | 24.7 | 23.9 | 23.8 |
FOT | 32.2 | 32.4 | 31.9 | 32.4 |
HTD | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
MTTi | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
HL/SVL | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.36 |
HW/SVL | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.31 |
HL/HW | 1.13 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.15 |
SE/SVL | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
SND/END | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
IND/IOD | 1.39 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.32 |
UEW/IOD | 0.94 | 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.79 |
ED/HL | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.37 |
ED/SE | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.84 |
TD/ED | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.40 |
TED/TD | 0.77 | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.81 |
FLL/SVL | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.66 |
HLL/SVL | 1.80 | 1.84 | 1.78 | 1.79 |
TL/FL | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 1.11 |
Uncorrected pairwise genetic distance (%) matrix, based on ND2 sequences.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Amolops adicola | ||||||||||||||||||||
2 Amolops akhaorum | 17.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
3 Amolops aniqiaoensis | 8.1 | 14.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
4 Amolops archotaphus | 17.7 | 13.3 | 17.0 | |||||||||||||||||
5 Amolops cf. bellulus | 10.7 | 15.8 | 11.7 | 16.3 | ||||||||||||||||
6 Amolops chunganensis | 13.5 | 14.6 | 13.5 | 15.8 | 11.8 | |||||||||||||||
7 Amolops compotrix | 15.1 | 17.3 | 15.3 | 18.8 | 15.7 | 15.3 | ||||||||||||||
8 Amolops cucae | 15.8 | 16.8 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 15.4 | 15.1 | 7.5 | |||||||||||||
9 Amolops daorum | 16.8 | 12.1 | 15.9 | 12.3 | 15.1 | 13.7 | 17.0 | 17.6 | ||||||||||||
10 Amolops deng | 12.9 | 15.9 | 13.3 | 17.0 | 8.4 | 13.9 | 16.8 | 15.3 | 14.1 | |||||||||||
11 Amolops iriodes | 17.1 | 12.4 | 15.7 | 13.1 | 15.1 | 13.6 | 17.0 | 17.3 | 2.8 | 14.3 | ||||||||||
12 Amolops kohimaensis | 7.0 | 15.6 | 6.6 | 16.3 | 9.4 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 10.4 | 14.9 | |||||||||
13 Amolops mengdingensis | 18.6 | 14.1 | 16.2 | 13.4 | 17.0 | 16.1 | 18.3 | 17.9 | 13.7 | 17.2 | 14.1 | 17.1 | ||||||||
14 Amolops monticola | 8.3 | 16.3 | 8.3 | 17.5 | 11.2 | 14.2 | 16.0 | 15.7 | 16.1 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 8.2 | 17.5 | |||||||
15 Amolops nyingchiensis | 13.1 | 16.5 | 12.0 | 16.8 | 7.7 | 13.8 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 14.7 | 8.6 | 14.4 | 10.5 | 17.5 | 11.5 | ||||||
16 Amolops putaoensis | 11.4 | 15.8 | 10.3 | 16.9 | 11.0 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 12.6 | 15.3 | 9.7 | 17.9 | 9.3 | 12.0 | |||||
17 Amolops truongi (China) | 15.5 | 16.9 | 14.9 | 18.5 | 15.4 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 7.8 | 16.8 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 14.7 | 18.2 | 16.2 | 16.1 | 16.4 | ||||
18 Amolops truongi (Vietnam) | 15.2 | 16.6 | 14.7 | 18.4 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 3.6 | 7.5 | 16.4 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 14.6 | 17.9 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 0.4 | |||
19 Amolops tuanjieensis | 17.2 | 13.1 | 15.1 | 13.0 | 15.4 | 14.2 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 9.5 | 15.0 | 10.3 | 13.9 | 15.0 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.8 | 16.9 | 16.8 | ||
20 Amolops vitreus | 14.4 | 15.6 | 14.6 | 16.9 | 14.7 | 13.9 | 11.1 | 12.1 | 16.0 | 14.8 | 16.1 | 13.4 | 18.6 | 14.0 | 15.7 | 14.6 | 12.0 | 11.5 | 14.8 | |
21 Amolops wenshanensis | 15.0 | 15.5 | 14.3 | 16.6 | 15.1 | 13.6 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 15.8 | 15.7 | 15.3 | 14.0 | 17.1 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 14.5 | 10.2 |
The morphological characteristics of the specimens of Amolops truongi from China mostly agree with the original description by
Yunnan Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve is located in the south of Yunnan Province, it has a variety of terrain and vegetation types, which has long established its rich species diversity. In recent years, many new species have been discovered in this region, such as frogs Leptobrachella aspera Wang, Lyu, Qi & Wang, 2020 (
Amolops truongi
was previously known only from the type locality in north-western Vietnam (
We thank the forest rangers of Yunnan Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve for their assistance in the fieldwork. We would like to thank the editors and reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Project of Huanglian Mountains National Nature Reserve Animal Diversity Expedition (Grant No. E2023HLS001), National Natural Science Foundation Project: Classificatory and Phylogenetic Studies on the Amolops frogs of China (Grant No. NSFC-31772424) and the project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China: Investigation and assessment of amphibians and reptiles in southern Yunnan.