Corresponding author: Shuo Liu (
Academic editor: Günter Gollmann
We report the first record of
The fanged frog genus
During our field survey in southern Yunnan, China, in 2019, some specimens of
The field survey was conducted in Daweishan Nature Reserve under the permit of Honghe Prefecture Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Yunnan Province. Specimens were euthanized and then fixed in 75% ethanol for storage after taking photographs. Liver tissue samples were preserved in 99% ethanol for molecular analysis. All specimens were deposited at Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KIZ).
Genomic DNA was extracted from liver tissues preserved in 99% ethanol using the standard phenol-chloroform extraction protocol (
Sequences used for phylogenetic analysis in this study.
Taxon | Voucher no. | Locality | GenBank no. |
---|---|---|---|
|
KIZ 011793 | China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla |
|
|
KUHE 47859 | Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak, Serian |
|
|
CIB 20081089 | China, Hainan, Wuzhishan |
|
|
CIB ZJ 200806223 | China, Jiangxi, Zixi |
|
|
KUHE 19284 | Thailand, Loei, PhuLuang |
|
|
KUHE 19320 | Thailand, Loei, PhuLuang |
|
|
KUHE 19514 | Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Sangkhla Buri |
|
|
KUHE 19690 | Thailand, SuratThani, Khlong Saeng |
|
|
KIZ048424 | China, Yunnan, Dehong, Longchuan |
|
|
KIZ048527 | Thailand, Loei, PhuLuang |
|
|
GMU unnumbered | Indonesia, Java, Purwerojo |
|
|
KU 307760 | Thailand, Nakon Ratchasima |
|
|
FMNH 266221 | Thailand, Sa Kaew, Pang Si Da |
|
|
KUHE L0809191 | Japan, Okinawa, Okinawajima |
|
|
IEBR 3970 | Vietnam, Quang Ninh, Hai Ha |
|
|
KUHE54079 | Malaysia, Genting, Pahang |
|
|
KUHE 19101 | Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon |
|
|
KUHE 19868 | Thailand, Chiang Mai, Tha Ton |
|
|
KUHE54064 | Malaysia, Larut, Perak |
|
|
VNMN A.2015.1 | Vietnam, Ha Giang, Vi Xuyen, Cao Bo |
|
|
IEBR A.2015.3 | Vietnam, Ha Giang, Vi Xuyen, Cao Bo |
|
|
AMNH A-163944 | Vietnam, Ha Giang, Vi Xuyen, Cao Bo |
|
|
VNMN A.2015.3 | Vietnam, Ha Giang, Vi Xuyen, Cao Bo |
|
|
IEBR 3967 | Vietnam, Vinh Phuc, Phuc Yen |
|
|
IEBR 3968 | Vietnam, Vinh Phuc, Phuc Yen |
|
|
HLNP 2018.003 | Vietnam, Lao Cai, Sapa, Fansipan |
|
|
KIZ20193243 | China, Yunnan, Honghe, Gejiu |
|
|
KIZ20193244 | China, Yunnan, Honghe, Gejiu |
|
|
KIZ20193245 | China, Yunnan, Honghe, Gejiu |
|
|
KIZ20193246 | China, Yunnan, Honghe, Gejiu |
|
|
KIZ20193247 | China, Yunnan, Honghe, Gejiu |
|
|
AMNH A-161230 | Vietnam, Nghe An, Con Cuong, Pu Mat |
|
|
UI unnumbered | Indonesia, Java, Banyuwangi |
|
Measurements were taken with a digital caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. Morphological terminology followed
The obtained sequence alignment is 900 bp in length. Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses showed consistent topology. The specimens collected from Daweishan Nature Reserve, southern Yunnan, China, clustered with the specimens (including type specimens) of
Genetic uncorrected p-distances (%) based on 900 bp 16S rRNA sequences.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
|||||||||||||||
2 |
16.3 | ||||||||||||||
3 |
12.5 | 16.2 | |||||||||||||
4 |
10.3 | 17.4 | 12.6 | ||||||||||||
5 |
12.0 | 17.0 | 13.3 | 11.9 | |||||||||||
6 |
11.6 | 17.5 | 14.6 | 11.8 | 8.8 | ||||||||||
7 |
14.5 | 16.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 12.7 | 14.9 | |||||||||
8 |
11.0 | 18.1 | 14.8 | 11.2 | 10.1 | 9.3 | 15.1 | ||||||||
9 |
10.9 | 18.0 | 12.5 | 12.3 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 13.8 | 10.2 | |||||||
10 |
10.4 | 16.8 | 14.3 | 9.7 | 13.2 | 11.7 | 14.9 | 12.2 | 12.8 | ||||||
11 |
6.6 | 13.9 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 9.6 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 7.6 | |||||
12 |
9.0 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 10.0 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 13.0 | 7.3 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 1.1 | ||||
13 |
5.8 | 12.7 | 7.4 | 2.9 | 9.9 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | |||
14 |
14.3 | 16.4 | 13.9 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 15.2 | 13.3 | 13.9 | 13.1 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 9.2 | ||
15 |
11.2 | 17.4 | 13.7 | 10.4 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 14.6 | 10.6 | 7.6 | 12.1 | 4.8 | 6.4 | 9.3 | 13.2 | |
16 |
13.2 | 17.3 | 14.2 | 12.3 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 15.2 | 13.9 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 9.6 | 11.8 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 12.3 |
Bayesian Inference tree based on 900 bp 16S rRNA sequences. Numbers before slashes indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.9 remain) and numbers after slashes indicate ultrafast bootstrap support for Maximum Likelihood analyses (> 90 remain).
KIZ20193243–KIZ20193245, three adult males, and KIZ20193246–KIZ20193247, two adult females, all collected on 24 March 2019 from Daweishan Nature Reserve, Manhao Town, Gejiu City, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China (
Morphometric and meristic data are presented in Table
Measurements (in mm) and proportions of the specimens of
KIZ20193243 | KIZ20193244 | KIZ20193245 | KIZ20193246 | KIZ20193247 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
male | male | male | female | female | |
|
37.1 | 36.5 | 38.5 | 35.5 | 35.4 |
|
4.7 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.7 |
|
3.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.0 |
|
6.3 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 5.3 | 5.7 |
|
18.3 | 18.5 | 19.2 | 16.9 | 17.9 |
|
25.6 | 24.9 | 26.3 | 23.2 | 24.9 |
|
15.6 | 15.5 | 17.1 | 12.9 | 13.8 |
|
16.8 | 16.7 | 18.1 | 13.3 | 13.7 |
|
3.6 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.1 |
|
3.3 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
|
7.1 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 6.2 | 7.2 |
|
9.2 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 8.3 | 8.8 |
|
III>IV>II>I | III>IV>II>I | III>IV>II>I | III>IV>II>I | III>IV>I>II |
|
IV>III>V>II>I | IV>III>V>II>I | IV>III>V>II>I | IV>III>V>II>I | IV>III>V>II>I |
|
17.1 | 16.8 | 18.1 | 15.1 | 16.9 |
|
2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
|
2.9 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
|
2.7 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
1.26 | 1.22 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.19 | |
0.25 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.25 | |
0.30 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.34 | |
0.92 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 1.01 | |
0.42 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.36 | 0.39 | |
0.46 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.48 | |
0.49 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.51 | |
0.19 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.20 | |
0.69 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.70 |
Limbs robust, relatively short. Finger tips rounded, relative length of fingers usually III>IV>II>I, rarely III>IV>I>II; no webbing on fingers; nuptial pad on finger I present in males. Toe tips rounded, relative length of toes IV>III>V>II>I. Tibia short (
Skin on top of the head and venter smooth, skin on dorsum, flanks, and dorsal surface of forelimbs with sparse tubercles; precloacal area and dorsal surface of hindlimbs covered with heterogeneous dense tubercles.
Head yellow–brown with brownish black bar on posterior interorbital region, yellowish white bar extending from nares to insertion of arm, upper lip with distinct white spots and dark brown bars, dorsum and dorsal surfaces of limbs greyish yellow–brown, supratympanic fold brownish black, lateral sides greyish, ventral surface of throat and chest white with black marbling, ventral surface of limbs and abdomen white, dorsal surface of thighs and tibias with brownish black bars; iris reddish brown in upper half and greyish white in lower half.
Specimens of
Based on the newly collected specimens from China and the descriptions (
The specimens were found at night in the artificial drainage ditch along a road; there are primary forests on both sides of the road, and there was shallow water flowing in the ditch. No eggs or tadpoles were found.
Map showing the known distribution of
Two new species of amphibians and reptiles have been recently described from Daweishan Nature Reserve (
We would like to thank Decai Ouyang, Dangshou Yang, Fanjing Yang, and Dazhi Dong for assistance in the field. Thanks also to our colleagues for their help and advice. We also thank the reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by Science-Technology Basic Condition Platform from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. 2005DKA21402), and the project of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China: Investigation and assessment of amphibians and reptiles in southern Yunnan.