Probability distribution maps of snake occurrence in Bangladesh using kernel density estimation (KDE), illustrating areas with varying probabilities of occurrence, from low to high, for different snake categories. A. All confirmed snake species (n = 89; no. of observations = 1768), representing the combined distribution of venomous and non-venomous species; B. Non-venomous snakes (n = 62; no. of observations = 1322); and C. Venomous snakes (n = 27; no. of observations = 443), highlighting regions with the highest possibility of encountering medically significant snakes.