The collection localities of Pelophylax chosenicus (marked with red circles), P. plancyi (marked with blue circles) and P. hubeiensis (marked with yellow circles) in this study. (1) Liulin Wetland, Seoul, South Korea; (type locality of P. chosenicus); (2) Donggang District, Dandong, China; (3) Puhe Park, Shenyang, China; (4) Nanshan Park, Jiujiang, China (type locality of P. plancyi); (5) Yuzui Park, Nanjing, China; (6) Si River, Jining, China; (7) Bailuhu Park, Binzhou, China; (8) Qing River, Lichuan, China (type locality of P. hubeiensis); (9) Jiefang Park, Wuhan, China.